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Question for November 2011

Why was the statue of the earth goddess re-buried?? Asked by Holland Junior School. Chosen and answered by Dr. Alfredo López Austin

Español
Algunos cristianos creían que las imágenes de los dioses eran cosas del Demonio y no querían que estuvieran expuestas. Además, tenían mucho miedo de que los indios, al ver las imágenes de sus dioses, volvieran a adorarlos y dejaran el cristianismo.

English
Some Christians at the time believed that the stone images of Aztec gods were the work of the Devil, and they didn’t want them on view. Besides, they were very afraid that the local Indian people, on seeing the images of their gods, would start worshipping them again and would abandon Christianity.

NOTE from Mexicolore:-
Two giant and hugely important Aztec monoliths (single massive stone monuments) were uncovered in Mexico City in 1790 during major drainage and reconstruction work under Spanish rule. These were the Sunstone and the statue of the earth goddess Coatlicue. Mercifully, in the words of Ignacio Bernal, leading Mexican archaeologist and the first director of Mexico’s National Museum of Anthropology (where the two figures have pride of place today) ‘The viceroy the Count of Revillagigedo ordered them to be kept intact, not destroyed as they would have been only a few years before.’ However, though the Spanish kept the Sunstone on public display (for a hundred years it hung on the side of Mexico City’s cathedral!), they re-buried the fearsome-looking Coatlicue (‘She with a Skirt of Snakes’), where she stayed for over 30 more years...

Picture sources:-
• Pic 1: downloaded from http://www.dsloan.com/Auctions/A23/item-leon_y_gama-descripcion-1792.html
• Pic 2: photo by Ian Mursell/Mexicolore

Comments (4)

M

MariaEugenia

2nd Apr 2012

Coatlícue, insisten los expertos, es la misma diosa Coyoamiqui de León Gama, o la Teoyaomiqui de Moxó, o un palimpsesto de glifos de diferentes dioses. ¿Alguien puede discernir sobre esto?

M

Mexicolore

Evidentemente, Coatlicue no es un palimpsesto (o algo semejante a esta idea). Las imágenes de los dioses suelen ser muy complejas en cuanto a los símbolos que las componen; pero no era práctica conocida el utilizar unas imágenes anteriores para modificarlas y “adaptarlas” a otra simbología.
La identificación actual del monolito se hace con base firme, pues del obvio significado de su falda (compuesta por un reticulado de serpientes) deriva la atribución que hoy se le hace del nombre de la diosa, “La Que tiene Falda de Serpientes”. A esto se agregan noticias documentales suficientes para enterarnos de su significado como deidad femenina y terrestre, partícipe en la mitología como la madre del Sol, de la Luna y de las estrellas.
Al respecto, puede consultarse un artículo de Leonardo López Luján, “El ídolo sin pies ni cabeza: La Coatlicue a fines del siglo XVIII”, publicado en Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, número 42, 2011, p. 203-232, en cuya nota 66 (p. 221) el autor habla de las pocas noticias que se tienen de Teoyaomiqui y de Teoyaotlatohua. Sobre su simbología puede consultarse el capítulo referente a este monolito, escrito por este mismo autor, en el libro de Eduardo Matos Moctezuma y Leonardo López Luján, Escultura monumental azteca.
Alfredo López Austin.

(We’re indebted to Dr. López Austin for this expert reply)

M

MaríaEugenia

2nd Apr 2012

article on Americanist [arch]bishop Moxó in UNAM’s Destiempos: http://www.destiempos.com/n14/mayer.pdf

M

MaríaEugenia

2nd Apr 2012

I cannot get any information about Teoyaotlatohuatl, a god mentioned by León Gama in relation to Coatlícue.
No hallo información sobre Teoyaotlatohuatl, dios mencionado por León Gama in relation to Coatlícue.

t

tecpaocelotl

16th Nov 2011

A good document would be from Bishop Benito Marin Moxo y Francoly in 1805:

The statue was placed in one of the corners of the spacious University patio, where it remained upright for some time, but in the end it was necessary to bury it once again for a reason that none had foreseen. The Indians, who observe all the monuments of Europeans art with such stupid indifference, came with a lively curiosity to contemplate their famous statue. At first it was thought that they were moved to this by no other incentive than national pride, a characteristic of savage no less than of civilized peoples, and by the pleasure of seeing one of the most outstanding works by their ancestors, which they could see was esteemed by educated Spaniards. Nonetheless, it later came to seem that in their frequent visits there was some secret religious motive. It was thus essential to prohibit their access absolutely; but their fanatical enthusiasm and their incredible cunning made a mockery of this decision. They watched for moments when the patio would be empty of people, especially in the afternoon when, at the conclusion of the academic lessons, all the classrooms are closed. Then they would take advantage of the silence that reigns in this home of the Muses, they would leave their towers and hurry to adore their Goddess Teoyaomiqui [Coatlique]. A thousand times the beadles, returning from outside and crossing the patio on the way to their quarters, caught the Indians by surprise, some on their knees, others prostrate before the statue, and holding in their hands burning candles and other diverse offerings of the sort their elders used to present to their idols. And these things which were done, and later observed with care by many grave and learned persons led to the resolution, as we said, of once more placing the aforesaid statue beneath the ground.

M

Mexicolore

Thanks so much for this, Tecpa! A really graphic description giving an insight into the prejudices of the time...

Dr. Alfredo López Austin

Dr. Alfredo López Austin

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