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Question for October 2017

Did the Aztecs ever fight against the Maya?? Asked by Blackheath Prep School. Chosen and answered by Professor Matthew Restall

No, not if by “the Aztecs” we mean the Aztec Empire, before the Spaniards came. There were Aztec garrisons on the Maya frontier, and very likely plans to attack. But then the Aztecs themselves were attacked - by the Spaniards. However, if by “the Aztecs” we can include surviving warriors from the regions of Mexico that were part of the Aztec Empire, then the answer is yes. All Spanish campaigns into Maya territories, from the 1520s into the 1540s, featured thousands of indigenous warriors who were once Aztecs or Aztec subjects. The Spaniards could not have established colonies in Yucatan and Guatemala without the help of these “Aztecs.”

Dr. Mark van Stone adds:-
The Aztecs lived far to the west of the Maya. The greatness of Maya civilization (ca. 100–900 AD) had passed long before the Aztecs came to power (1424 AD), but I think the Aztecs did conquer some of the Maya people in the south of Guatemala. The two peoples did trade.
I get the impression that the Aztecs fought everyone they met, at some time or other. Quetzalcoatl, a kind god of wind and the sky, was very popular, but when Aztecs came to town, they installed their war god Huitzilopochtli as chief god. Sound familiar?

Picture source:-
• Drawing of the central design of a gold disk in repoussé technique from the Well of Sacrifices, Chichen Itzá, Yucatan: the illustration shows two Maya warriors (right) retreating before two pursuing Mexica warriors; image scanned from our own copy of The Ancient Maya by Sylvanus G. Morley, Stanford University Press, California, 1947, p. 435.

Professor Matthew Restall has answered 1 question altogether.

Comments (1)

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Mary M Bernard

9th Sep 2023

To assume that the Aztecs conquered the Mayans is incorrect for multiple reasons. The Aztecs and the Mayan were two distinct cultures of indigenous people. The Spaniards first conquered the Inca in Peru and mined gold from this area. In pursuit of more gold they entered Mexico and Hernan Cortez led this arm of the “Conquest” around 1520. He overtook the Aztecs and their former capital was made the New Spain capital of the America’s. Unfortunately Cortez didn’t find much gold or wealth in Mexico City and pursued south into Mayan territory. Gold was not found in Yucatan, Belize, Guatemala or Honduras. The conquest into dense jungle into Mayan civilization did not enrich the Spaniards as Pizarro had amassed great wealth and gold in Peru. To this day it is not known what exactly happened to the Mayan in Central America. A great many Mayan people continue to live in this area today and still speak their native tongues. This area of Central America actually was part of Columbia all the way up to the southern border of Mexico. The dense forests and lack of gold diminished for the Spanish a desire to pursue and maintainin a stronghold in the Mayan world as they did in Mexico City. So for this reason I propose that the Mayans were not completely overtaken by the Aztecs. Yes their lands were invaded, but they simply went deeper into the jungle where they still are today. Their way of life became westernized to a degree, but the Mayan people and all of Central America to be realistic were really neglected by Spain after the conquest. Yes the Catholic Church permeated Mayan culture, but even today this group of people have been denigrated and alienated not only by leaders in Mexico but also by the leaders of Central America which controlled where these tribes inhabitated. Many Mayan, Mixtec and other indigenous people of Meso America exist today and are proud of their heritage, but remain alienated by the powerful political forces which govern over them.

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Mexicolore

Please be careful in responding critically without checking carefully what the author wrote. Nowhere does Professor Restall say ‘the Aztecs conquered the Mayans’.........

Professor Matthew Restall

Professor Matthew Restall

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