Article suitable for older students
Find out more20th Oct 2022
Book 4 of the Florentine Codex is quite lengthy and is titled ‘The Soothsayers’. It’s all about the calendar system, the day signs, and the fate of individuals born on a select number of lucky or unlucky days. The appendix includes an important description of the great New Fire Ceremony, as well as outlines of the two ‘main’ calendars (solar and sacred)...
1). First chapter, which telleth of the first sign, which was named One Crocodile, and of the good fortune which they merited who were born then - men or women.
’This count of days - so it was claimed - was an invention of the two called and named Oxomoco and Cipactonal, who gave it to the people. Oxomoco they painted as a woman, and Cipactonal [as] a man. They who were readers of day signs embellished their book of days with their representations, which they placed in the middle when they painted them. For it was so said that there they became lords of all the day count.’ -----
2). Seventh chapter, which telleth of the fourth sign, named One Flower. And the man born upon it, they said, and it was averred, would be happy, quite able, and much given to song and joy: a jester, an entertainer. And it was said that the women were great embroiders. It was said that this sign was indifferent; that is to say, a little bad and a little good.
’Also it was said that when One Flower set in, then began, continued and was always held, a dance, a procession. But only Moctezuma in his own heart knew... for how many days he established his dance. Perchance for forty days there would be dancing...
’He singled out, by means of gifts, all the singers, the singers from the common folk, the song-writers, the composers, the beaters of drums - the ground drums, the two-toned drums; two-toned drum players, those who started the singing, those who led, those who gave the pitch, and those who whistled with their fingers; and the leaders and conductors of the dance, the dancers, those who urged the dancers on, those who distributed them, those with trembling voices, those who made noises like a weasel; the circle dancers, and all who belonged and worked with those mentioned.’ -----
3). Ninth chapter, which telleth of the sixth sign, called One Death, and of the good fortune belonging to it. It was said to be the day sign of Tezcatlipoca... And each person provided much pleasure to the slaves.
’At this time it was the day sign of the slaves... None of the slave-owners could could scold them, or abuse them with vile words, or call angrily or indignantly to them when they learned that the morrow would be the day sign of Tezcatlipoca... They showed [the slaves] great esteem, because, so they thought, they were his likenesses and representatives: his beloved sons...
’And if any[one] should chide the slaves, so it was said, thereby he brought upon and burdened and visited upon himself misery and affliction... He would be struck and beaten; he would be pursued from one place to another. Never would he be settled on the land, nor let alone, nor found in repose. He would not rest. Thus it was said: never would the cooking pot rest filled; never would he work with security...
’And it was said: “He will die sacrificed as a war captive. They will cook him in an olla [pot] and eat him. Because at one time the wretched slave was beaten, [the god] transferred his sins upon him.’ -----
4). Eleventh chapter, which telleth of the seventh sign, named One Rain, and of the evil day signs which belonged to it. They said that those then born were sorcerers and soothsayers and demons.
’During the time of this day sign, so it was said, then descended those known as the Goddesses, inhuman ones, mockers of the people. Hence most sternly [parents] commanded their children not to go out; not to travel along the roads.T hey should only remain at home. Thus did they speak to them: “Go not forth. You will encounter the Princesses, for they descend and arrive upon earth. Hence the fathers regarded them with fear, lest one of [the children] might develop misshapen lips, or crossed eyes, or a hare lip, or be possessed.’ -----
5). Fourteenth chapter, which telleth of the good day signs which correspond to the four houses in this sign; and it was said that the day signs of those then born were good.
’And the one day sign, the one day count Ten Rabbit, so it was said, was a very good time. Whoever was then born, whether man or woman, was of great deserts, great gifts, and riches... But not then, at that time, did they bathe him, on the day sign on which he had been born. They always directed their attention there to the closing day sign, later, when they bathed him and gave him a name, on [Thirteen] Monkey; because thereby they greatly strengthened the day sign; they improved his day sign...
’The readers of the day signs hence considered it favourable and said that precisely at this time were fortune and favour.’