Article suitable for older students
Find out more7th Oct 2024
Book 10 - one of the longest - of the Florentine Codex is titled ‘The People’. It explores Aztec professions and livelihoods, the ‘virtues and vices’ of different social groups and occupations, the lives of merchants and market sellers, descriptions of the parts of the human body and associated ailments and cures; finally it gives a brief historical introduction to the various peoples who came to settle in Central Mexico and its environs, from the Toltecs and Chichimecs to the Nahua, from the Otomí to the Totonacs...
1) Eighth chapter, in which are mentioned other ways of gaining a livelihood, such as [the work of] carpenters and the stone cutter.
’The stone cutter [is] one who works with a wedge; who throws, who swings [the arm about in his work] - wiry, powerful, energetic. [He is] a stone cutter, a good builder...
’He quarries, breaks [the rocks]; pecks, smooths them; tumbles, breaks them from the [cliff’s] surface; forms the corner stone; places, fits [the stones] well; abrades them, pounds, hammers them; splits them with a wedge.’ -----
2). Sixteenth chapter, which telleth of gainers of livelihoods such as the merchants.
’The head merchant... is a leader of merchants, a ruling merchant. He governs merchandising; he directs trading... he is the real mother, the real father of the common people... The vanguard merchant is a merchant, a traveler, a transporter of wares, a wayfarer, a man who travels with his wares.
’The good vanguard merchant [is] observing, discerning. He knows the road, he recognises the road; he seeks out the various places for resting, he searches for places for sleeping, the places for eating, the places for breaking one’s fast. He looks to, prepares, finds his travel rations. -----
3). Twenty-second chapter, which telleth of the fruit sellers and the food sellers.
’The fish seller fishes with a net. [He is] a man of the water, of the river banks. He fishes; he catches with nets, with snares; he fishes with a fishhook; he uses a weir, a spear... he catches [the fish] in his hands.
’He sells shrimp, fish, large fish, shellfish, turtles, gourd fish, sea turtles, eagle fish, spotted fish, axolotl fish, eel, cayman, large white fish, black fish... tiny fish, toasted fish wrapped in maize husks, fish wrapped in maize husks and cooked in an olla [pot], those roasted in leaves, large-bellied fish, small thick fish, axolotl, shrimp, tadpoles.’ -----
4). Twenty-eighth chapter, which telleth of the ailments of the body and of medicines suitable to use for their cure.
’The teeth are to be washed with cold water; polished with a cloth; rubbed with [powdered] charcoal; cleaned, made attractive, with salt. The teeth are to be washed with tlatlauhcapatli root mixed with salt [and] chili. And some will place - will put - the dissolved medicine on the teeth; with this medicine the teeth are rubbed; with it the mouth is washed; and the teeth are to be darkened with chili, with salt, with cochineal...’ -----
5). Twenty-eighth chapter, which telleth of the ailments of the body and of medicines suitable to use for their cure.
’If someone breaks a leg, it is cured in this way. Acocotli root is added to nopal root, [and] they are ground. They are placed there where the leg is broken. And when they are placed on, then [the leg] is wrapped with a cloth bandage. And on four sides splints are pressed, tightly bound, tied with cords. And when it has been tied with cords, the the blood comes out where it is swollen. There between the great toe [and the second toe], there where the vessels join, it is bled in order that it may not worsen, [not] become festered. And after twenty dies it is untied.’ -----
6) Twenty-ninth chapter, which telleth of the various kinds of people, the people who dwelt everywhere here in this land; those who arrived, who came to settle, who came to cause the cities to be founded.
’Their name was Quaquata: a single one, Quatatl; many, Quaquata. They were named Quatatl because they always carried, they always went with the sling tied about the head. Qua[tatl] is as if to say, “one who wears a sling about the head”....
’The home, the land, of these Quaquata, the place by the name of Matlatzinco, is very cold; therefore these Quaquata were also very strong, rugged, hard, sinewy. And also, since from a great distance they sent sling shots which wounded, they thus provided little tranquility in the land and in war.’ -----