Mexicolore logoMexicolore name

Article suitable for older students

Find out more

Florentine Codex Book 2

15th May 2022

Book 2 of the Florentine Codex, titled ‘The Ceremonies’ is predictably weighty, one of the longer volumes in the Codex. It deals ‘with the calendar, feasts, ceremonies, sacrifices and solemnities’ of the Mexica...

1). Twenty-second chapter. in which are described the feast day and the debt-paying which they celebrated in the second month, known as Tlacaxipeualiztli.
’For while they had fasted for their captives, [the captors] had never bathed themselves. They had soiled themselves as the twenty days had passed [from wearing the skins of flayed captives], together with those of their household who had never bathed themselves. They washed the heads of all; they soaped themselves. Hence it was said ”There is the washing of the hair,” or, “There is the washing away of the filth,” so had they soiled themselves.’ -----


2). Thirty-sixth chapter, where are related the feast day and the debt-paying which were observed during all the days of the seventeenth month, which was called Tititl.
’And upon the morrow [after the feast], then began the casting of bags at people. Everybody, each one, made bags for themselves. They carried grass nets; there they filled them with the flowers of reeds or with scraps of paper. They shredded paper; they shredded it fine; they bound it inside [of the nets]...
’And at this time it was commanded that none should put stones [in the bags]. Those who were yet small boys only began in fun when they began the mock-fighting with bags; only gradually it quickened...
’And the boys cast bags at the maidens - those yet with the long hairdress; whenever these came before them, there they cast bags at them; they surrounded them; in truth some made them weep. But when some woman took forethought if she went forth somewhere, she took something with her as a staff, or else a “devil-fruit-thorn”. If anyone came to cast a bag at her, she pursued him with it, she defended herself with it.’ -----


3). Thirty-eighth chapter, which telleth of the feast which was named Uauhquiltamalqualiztli [The Eating of Tamales Stuffed With Amaranth Greens]... when... they celebrated a feast for him who was their god, whose name was Ixcozauhqui.
’And for this reason was [the time] named Izcalli tlami [The Growing is Achieved]: they took by the neck, they hung high all the small children. Thus was it said: “They take them for growth; they grasp them to grow, so that they will each quickly grow tall; they will develop; they will grow up.’ -----

4). Appendix: Behold here a true [relation] of all the [buildings] which were the Mexicans’ temples...
’All the small houses which were around and which surrounded the temples were called calpulli. There was fasting there. Only the noblemen, the rulers, the constables, the seasoned warriors fasted there every twenty days... And they fasted for five nights. Not by day but by night. And when it already was night, then they entered [the calpulli], And when it dawned they went forth; they performed their tasks.’ -----

5). Appendix: Here are told the various modes in which blood was shed [and] offered.
’Thus were performed the sacrificial slayings; thus died captives and slaves who were called the divine dead. Thus they took [the victim] up [to the pyramid temple]... And when [the priest] had laid him upon [the sacrificial stone], four men each pulled on his arms, his legs. and already in the hand of the fire priest lay the flint knife with which he was to slash open the breast of his ceremonially bathed one.
’And then... he at once seized his heart from him. And he whose breast he laid open lay quite alive. And when [the fire priest] had taken his heart from him, he raised it in dedication to the sun.’ -----

6). Appendix: A declaration of still other offerings with which similarly they paid honour to the devil.
’Thus was done the blowing of trumpets. When it was already late at night, when already midnight was coming to arrive, at that time trumpets were blown, so that there be the offering of blood in the home of the devil. Therefore were [the priests] wakened.
’Thus was done the illumination with fire. When we people had reached midnight, trumpets also were blown. Thus were men wakened; thus those known as drum-beaters began the keeping of the watch. And on him who could not wake up they poured water or shook [coals of] fire, or else they cast him into the water there at Tlilapan or Coaapan.’ -----

Comments (0)